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Androgen receptor Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (ZR334), RAbMono™

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Datasheet
Protocols
Questions & Answers
Datasheet
Protocols
Questions & Answers

Product Details

Z2640RP

Applications
Tested Dilution
Publications

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

Ready-to-use 150-200 µL
-
Product Specifications

Species Reactivity

Human

Host/Isotype

Rabbit / IgG

Expression System

CHO cells

Class

Recombinant Monoclonal

Type

Antibody

Clone

ZR334

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues (within aa 1-100) of human Androgen Receptor
View immunogen

Conjugate

Unconjugated Unconjugated Unconjugated

Form

Liquid

Purification

Protein A

Storage buffer

tris with NP-40, BSA

Contains

<0.1% sodium azide

Storage conditions

4°C

Shipping conditions

Ambient (domestic); Wet ice (international)

Product Specific Information

This product is diluted and in a ready-to-use formulation.

A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Prostate, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.

The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.

Androgen Receptor is a member of the superfamily of ligand responsive transcription regulators. The androgen receptor functions in the nucleus where it is believed to act as a transcriptional regulator mediating the action of male sex hormones. The androgen receptor has wide distribution and can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in several tissues including prostate, skin, and oral mucosa. Androgen receptor has been reported in a diverse range of human tumors including osteosarcoma, and in prostatic carcinoma androgen receptor expression may be of clinical relevance. Androgen Receptor is recommended for the detection of specific antigens of interest in normal and neoplastic tissues, as an adjunct to conventional histopathology using non-immunologic histochemical stains.

Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.

A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.

Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.

Target Information

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the steroid-hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear receptors. The receptor is more than 90 kDa and has three major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and the androgen-binding domain. The androgen receptor is a ligand-activated transcription factor that binds active testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. The AR signaling pathway plays a key role in development and function of male reproductive organs, including the prostate and epididymis. AR also plays a role in nonreproductive organs, such as muscle, hair follicles, and brain. Androgen Receptor is a phosphoprotein, and also regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase). The inhibition of the MEK1/2 pathway correlates directly with a change in phosphorylation state of the androgen receptor. Abnormalities in the AR signaling pathway have been linked to a number of diseases, including prostate cancer, Kennedy's disease, and male infertility. Mutations in this gene are associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS).

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.

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Bioinformatics

Protein Aliases: androgen nuclear receptor variant 2; Androgen receptor; androgen receptor splice variant 4b; AR-A; Dihydrotestosterone receptor; Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4; RP11-383C12.1; Variant AR45

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Gene Aliases: AIS; AR; AR8; DHTR; HUMARA; HYSP1; KD; NR3C4; SBMA; SMAX1; TFM

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UniProt ID: (Human) P10275

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Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 367

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Function(s)
RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding DNA binding chromatin binding transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding androgen receptor activity receptor binding steroid binding androgen binding protein binding beta-catenin binding transcription factor binding zinc ion binding enzyme binding transcription regulatory region DNA binding protein dimerization activity ATPase binding
Process(es)
transcription, DNA-templated transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter transport signal transduction cell-cell signaling sex differentiation cell proliferation positive regulation of cell proliferation negative regulation of cell proliferation positive regulation of gene expression cell growth androgen receptor signaling pathway intracellular receptor signaling pathway prostate gland development positive regulation of phosphorylation positive regulation of cell differentiation negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity protein oligomerization regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
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