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Zeta
C3d Monoclonal Antibody (ZM369)
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Product Details
Z2660MP
Applications
Tested Dilution
Publications
Product Specifications
Species Reactivity
Human
Host/Isotype
Mouse
/ IgG2b, kappa
Class
Monoclonal
Type
Antibody
Clone
ZM369
Immunogen
Recombinant full-length human Complement C3 protein
Conjugate
Form
Liquid
Purification
Protein A
Storage buffer
tris with BSA, NP-40
Contains
<0.1% sodium azide
Storage conditions
4°C
Shipping conditions
Ambient (domestic); Wet ice (international)
Product Specific Information
This product is diluted and in a ready-to-use formulation.
A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Rejected kidney, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.
The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.
The complement component proteins, C2, C3, C4 and C5, are potent anaphylatoxins that are released during complement activation. Binding of these proteins to their respective G protein-coupled receptors, C3aR, C1R and C5aR, induces proinflammatory events, such as cellular degranulation, smooth muscle contraction, arachidonic acid metabolism, cytokine release, leukocyte activation and cellular chemotaxis. C3d is a terminal degradation product of C3 that plays an important role in modulation of the adaptive immune response through the interaction with complement receptor type 2 (CR2). CR2 is important in the switched-isotype, high-affinity and memory humoral immune responses to T-dependent foreign antigens, as well as in the development of the natural antibody repertoire. This pH- and ionic strength-dependent association of C3d with CR2 represents a link between innate and adaptive immunity.
Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.
A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.
Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.
Target Information
C3 is a key component of the complement system since classical and alternative activation pathways merge at the C3 activation step when C3 is split into C3a and C3b. The molecular mass of C3 is 185 kDa and it consists of two chains (110 kDa and 75 kDa) held together by disulfide bonds.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.
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Bioinformatics
Protein Aliases: Acylation stimulating protein cleavage product; acylation-stimulating protein cleavage product; C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 1; C3a anaphylatoxin; Cd3; chain fragment 2; Complement C3; Complement C3c alpha' complement component C3a; complement component C3b; epididymis secretory sperm binding protein Li 62p; prepro-C3
Gene Aliases: AHUS5; ARMD9; ASP; C3; C3a; C3b; CPAMD1; HEL-S-62p
UniProt ID: (Human) P01024
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 718
positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
positive regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
tolerance induction
proteolysis
fatty acid metabolic process
inflammatory response
immune response
complement activation
complement activation, alternative pathway
complement activation, classical pathway
signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
blood coagulation
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
positive regulation of glucose transport
regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
positive regulation of lipid storage
negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
regulation of complement activation
response to magnesium ion
response to estradiol
response to progesterone
response to estrogen
positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
positive regulation of angiogenesis
positive regulation of developmental growth
regulation of immune response
response to glucocorticoid
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance
Performance Guarantee
If an Invitrogen™ antibody doesn't perform as described on our website or datasheet,we'll replace the product at no cost to you, or provide you with a credit for a future purchase.*
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