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Cytokeratin, Pan Antibody Cocktail

Cytokeratin, Pan Antibody in Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

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Cytokeratin, Pan Antibody (Z2061MP) in IHC (P)

Human infiltrating breast carcinoma stained with anti-pankeratin AE1/AE3 antibody using peroxidase-conjugate and DAB chromogen. Note the cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells.

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Product Details

Z2061MP

Applications

Tested Dilution

Publications

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

Ready-to-use 150-200 µL

Product Specifications

Species Reactivity

Human

Host/Isotype

Mouse / IgG1, kappa/IgG2a, kappa

Class

Cocktail

Type

Antibody

Clone

AE1/AE3

Immunogen

Human epidermal keratin

Conjugate

Unconjugated Unconjugated Unconjugated

Form

Liquid

Purification

Protein A

Storage buffer

tris with BSA, NP-40

Contains

<0.1% sodium azide

Storage conditions

4°C

Shipping conditions

Ambient (domestic); Wet ice (international)

Product Specific Information

This product is diluted and in a ready-to-use formulation.

A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Pancreas, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.

The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.

Twenty human cytokeratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI <5.7) and basic (pI >6.0) subfamilies. The acidic keratins have molecular weights of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50’, 48, 46, 45, and 40 kDa. The basic keratins have molecular weights of 65-67, 64, 59, 58, 56 and 52 kDa. Members of acidic and basic subfamilies are found together in pairs. The composition of keratin pairs varies with cell type, differentiation status and environment. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. MAb AE1 recognizes the 56.5, 50, 50’, 48, and 40 kDa keratins of acidic subfamily, whereas the AE3 MAb reacts with the basic keratins of 65-67, 64, 59, 58, 56, and 52 kDa. AE1/AE3 reacts with keratinized (56.5/65-67) and corneal (55/64) epidermis, stratified squamous epithelia of internal organs (51/59), stratified epithelia (50/58), hyperproliferative keratinocytes (48/56), and simple epithelia (45/52 and 46/54). AE1/AE3 is a broad-spectrum anti pan-keratin antibody cocktail which differentiates epithelial from non-epithelial tumors.

Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.

A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.

Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.

Target Information

Cytokeratin pan is part of a subfamily of intermediate filament proteins that are characterized by remarkable biochemical diversity, and represented in human epithelial tissues by at least 20 different polypeptides. Cytokeratins range in molecular weight between 40 kDa- 68 kDa, and an isoelectric pH between 4.9-7.8. The individual human cytokeratins are numbered 1 to 20. The various epithelia in the human body usually express cytokeratins which are not only characteristic of the type of epithelium, but also related to the degree of maturation or differentiation within an epithelium. Cytokeratin subtype expression patterns are used to an increasing extent in the distinction of different types of epithelial malignancies. The cytokeratin antibodies are not only of assistance in the differential diagnosis of tumors using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections, but are also a useful tool in cytopathology and flow cytometric assays. The composition of cytokeratin pairs vary with the epithelial cell type, stage of differentiation, cellular growth environment, and disease state. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.

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Bioinformatics

Protein Aliases: 39.1; 40-kDa keratin intermediate filament; 58 kDa cytokeratin; 65 kDa cytokeratin; 67 kDa cytokeratin; Cell proliferation-inducing gene 46 protein; CK-1; CK-10; CK-13; CK-14; CK-15; CK-16; CK-17; CK-18; CK-19; CK-1B; CK-2e; CK-2P; CK-3; CK-4; CK-5; CK-6A; CK-6D; CK-7; CK-8; cytokeratin 1; cytokeratin 10; cytokeratin 13; cytokeratin 14; cytokeratin 15; cytokeratin 16; cytokeratin 18; cytokeratin 19; cytokeratin 2; cytokeratin 3; cytokeratin 4; cytokeratin 6A; cytokeratin 6C; cytokeratin 6D; cytokeratin 7; Cytokeratin-1; Cytokeratin-10; Cytokeratin-13; Cytokeratin-14; Cytokeratin-15; Cytokeratin-16; Cytokeratin-17; Cytokeratin-18; Cytokeratin-19; Cytokeratin-1B; Cytokeratin-2e; Cytokeratin-2P; Cytokeratin-3; Cytokeratin-4; Cytokeratin-5; Cytokeratin-6A; cytokeratin-6C; Cytokeratin-6D; cytokeratin-6E; Cytokeratin-7; Cytokeratin-8; epidermolysis bullosa simplex 2 Dowling-Meara/Kobner/Weber-Cockayne types; epidermolytic hyperkeratosis 1; Epithelial keratin-2e; focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma; Hair alpha protein; HMWCK; K1; K10; K13; K14; K15; K16; K17; K18; K19; K1B; K2e; K2P; K3; K4; K5; K6A; K7; K76; K77; K8; kamp-keratin derived antimicrobial peptide; KDAMP; keratin 1, type II; keratin 10, type I; keratin 13, type I; keratin 14, type I; keratin 15, type I; keratin 16, type I; keratin 17, type I; keratin 18, type I; keratin 19, type I; Keratin 1B; keratin 2, type II; keratin 2p; keratin 3, type II; keratin 4, type II; keratin 5 (epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Dowling-Meara/Kobner/Weber-Cockayne types); keratin 5, type II; keratin 6A, , type II; keratin 6A, type II; keratin 7, type II; keratin 76, type II; keratin 77, type II; keratin 8, type II; keratin K6h; Keratin type II cytoskeletal 5; keratin, 55K type II cytoskeletal; keratin, epidermal type II, K6A; keratin, simple epithelial type I, K7; Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10; Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 13; Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14; Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 15; Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16; Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 17; Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18; Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19; keratin, type I, 40-kd; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1b; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 oral; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 3; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 4; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6A; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 7; Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8; Keratin-1; Keratin-10; Keratin-13; Keratin-14; Keratin-15; keratin-15, basic; keratin-15, beta; Keratin-16; Keratin-17; Keratin-18; Keratin-19; Keratin-2 epidermis; Keratin-2e; Keratin-3; Keratin-4; Keratin-5; Keratin-6A; keratin-6C; Keratin-7; Keratin-76; Keratin-77; Keratin-8; KRT1B; pan Cytokeratin; pan keratin; pankeratin; Sarcolectin; type I cytoskeletal 15; type II cytoskeletal 1b; type II mesothelial keratin K7; Type-II keratin Kb1; type-II keratin Kb12; Type-II keratin Kb2; Type-II keratin Kb3; Type-II Keratin Kb39; Type-II keratin Kb4; Type-II keratin Kb5; Type-II keratin Kb6; Type-II keratin Kb7; Type-II keratin Kb8; Type-II keratin Kb9

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Gene Aliases: 39.1; BCIE; BIE; CARD2; CK-17; CK-18; CK-2e; CK-4; CK-6C; CK-6E; CK-8; CK1; CK10; CK13; CK14; CK15; CK16; CK19; CK3; CK4; CK5; CK6A; CK6C; CK6D; CK7; CK8; CYK18; CYK4; CYK8; DDD; DDD1; EBS2; EBS3; EBS4; EHK; EHK1; EPPK; FNEPPK; HUMCYT2A; K1; K10; K13; K14; K15; K16; K17; K18; K19; K1B; K1CO; K1CP; K1CS; K2C7; K2C8; K2e; K3; K4; K5; K6A; K6C; K6D; K7; K8; KO; KPP; KRT1; KRT10; KRT13; KRT14; KRT15; KRT16; KRT16A; KRT17; KRT18; KRT19; KRT1A; KRT1B; KRT2; KRT2A; KRT2B; KRT2E; KRT2P; KRT3; KRT4; KRT5; KRT5A; KRT6A; KRT6C; KRT6D; KRT7; KRT76; KRT77; KRT8; KRTA; KRTB; KRTE; NEPPK; NFJ; PC; PC1; PC2; PC3; PCHC1; PIG46; SCL; WSN1; WSN2