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Product Details
Z2445MS
Product Specifications
Species Reactivity
Human
Host/Isotype
Mouse
/ IgG1, kappa
Class
Monoclonal
Type
Antibody
Clone
ZM135
Immunogen
Recombinant fragment of human EPO protein (around aa 28-162)
Conjugate
Form
Liquid
Concentration
200 µg/mL
Purification
Protein A
Storage buffer
tris with NP-40, BSA
Contains
<0.1% sodium azide
Storage conditions
4°C
Shipping conditions
Ambient (domestic); Wet ice (international)
Product Specific Information
A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Bone marrow, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.
The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.
Recognizes a protein of about 37 kDa, which is identified as Erythropoietin (EPO). Erythropoietin is a secreted, glycosylated cytokine hormone composed of four alpha helical bundles. It is the primary factor responsible for regulating erythropoiesis during steady-state conditions and in response to blood loss and hemorrhage in the adult organism. Erythropoietin is synthesized by the kidney and stimulates the proliferation and maturation of bone marrow erythroid precursor cells. The protein is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis.
Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.
A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.
Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.
Target Information
Erythropoietin (EPO) protein is a growth factor essential for the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of erythroid precursors. EPO is not responsible for early commitment to the lineage, and instead induces the final maturation of partially differentiated erythroid cells and the production of red cell-specific proteins, such as hemoglobin. The EPO receptor (EPOR) is present in higher levels on precursor cells, and expression diminishes with cell maturation.Hepatocytes are the main source of EPO in the fetus, followed by interstitial cells of the kidney after birth and through adulthood. EPO expression is upregulated during hypoxia, and low levels of transcription have also been detected in lung and brain tissue under these conditions. Recent data suggest that EPO may also play a role in the protection of neuronal tissue from damage and initiation of repair.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.
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Bioinformatics
Protein Aliases: epoetin; Erythropoietin; MGC138142
Gene Aliases: EP; EPO; MVCD2
UniProt ID: (Human) P01588
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 2056
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
apoptotic process
acute-phase response
signal transduction
embryo implantation
aging
blood circulation
positive regulation of cell proliferation
response to salt stress
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
positive regulation of neuron projection development
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
erythrocyte differentiation
activation of protein kinase activity
response to lipopolysaccharide
response to vitamin A
response to testosterone
positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
hemoglobin biosynthetic process
erythrocyte maturation
response to estrogen
positive regulation of DNA replication
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
response to axon injury
response to electrical stimulus
response to hyperoxia
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
response to interleukin-1
cellular hyperosmotic response
negative regulation of neuron death
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
negative regulation of cation channel activity
Performance Guarantee
If an Invitrogen™ antibody doesn't perform as described on our website or datasheet,we'll replace the product at no cost to you, or provide you with a credit for a future purchase.*
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