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Zeta
p21 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (ZR288), RAbMono™
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Product Details
Z2602RS
Product Specifications
Species Reactivity
Human
Host/Isotype
Rabbit
/ IgG
Expression System
CHO cells
Class
Recombinant Monoclonal
Type
Antibody
Clone
ZR288
Immunogen
Purified human recombinant fusion p21 protein
Conjugate
Form
Liquid
Concentration
200 µg/mL
Purification
Protein A
Storage buffer
tris with BSA, NP-40
Contains
<0.1% sodium azide
Storage conditions
4°C
Shipping conditions
Ambient (domestic); Wet ice (international)
Product Specific Information
A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Colon adenocarcinoma, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.
The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.
This MAb recognizes a 21 kDa protein, identified as the p21WAF1 tumor suppressor protein. This MAb is highly specific to p21 and shows no cross-reaction with other closely related mitotic inhibitors. p21WAF1 is a specific inhibitor of cdk's and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. The expression of this gene acts as an inhibitor of the cell cycle during G1 phase and is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. Its expression is induced by the wild type, but not mutant, p53 suppressor protein. Normal cells generally display a rather intense nuclear p21 expression. Loss of p21 expression has been reported in many carcinomas (gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma).
Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.
A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.
Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.
Target Information
Protein p21 is a tumor suppressor protein which is an inhibitor of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and is transcriptionally activated by p53. P21 is important in the response of cells to genotoxic stress and a major transcriptional target of p53 protein. The occurrence of p21 in the nucleus executes binding and inhibition activity of cyclin dependent kinases Cdk1 and Cdk2, and blocks the transition from G1 phase into S phase or from G2 phase into mitosis after DNA damage, which enables the repair of damaged DNA. In the cytoplasm, p21 protein has an anti-apoptotic effect. P21 is able to bind to and inhibit caspase 3, as well as the apoptotic kinases ASK1 and JNK. P21 exhibits a dual function in carcinogenesis, and acts as a tumor suppressor, prevents apoptosis, and acts as an oncogene.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.
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Bioinformatics
Protein Aliases: Activating Fragment 1; CDK-interacting protein 1; CDK-interaction protein 1; CDNK1A; Cip1); Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1); DNA synthesis inhibitor; MDA-6; melanoma differentiation associated protein 6; Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 6; OTTHUMP00000016298; p21; p21Cip1/Waf1; SLC12A9; Wild type p53 activated fragment 1 (WAF1); wild-type p53-activated fragment 1
Gene Aliases: CAP20; CDKN1; CDKN1A; CIP1; MDA-6; MDA6; P21; p21CIP1; PIC1; SDI1; WAF1
UniProt ID: (Human) P38936
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 1026
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest
cell cycle arrest
Ras protein signal transduction
negative regulation of cell proliferation
response to toxic substance
response to X-ray
response to organonitrogen compound
negative regulation of gene expression
negative regulation of cell growth
positive regulation of B cell proliferation
organ regeneration
cellular response to extracellular stimulus
regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation
cellular response to amino acid starvation
cellular response to heat
negative regulation of phosphorylation
response to drug
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
negative regulation of apoptotic process
positive regulation of programmed cell death
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
response to arsenic-containing substance
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
protein stabilization
response to corticosterone
response to hyperoxia
intestinal epithelial cell maturation
cellular response to ionizing radiation
cellular response to UV-B
mitotic cell cycle arrest
cellular senescence
replicative senescence
stress-induced premature senescence
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
regulation of DNA biosynthetic process
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
Performance Guarantee
If an Invitrogen™ antibody doesn't perform as described on our website or datasheet,we'll replace the product at no cost to you, or provide you with a credit for a future purchase.*
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