Single particle analysis is an increasingly popular cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) technique that allows you to investigate biomolecules at near-atomic resolutions, unraveling dynamic biological processes and the structure of biomolecular complexes/assemblies.
In single particle analysis, purified proteins or protein complexes are suspended in amorphous (vitreous) ice through rapid plunge freezing, which preserve the samples’ native structures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is then used to collect numerous 2D snapshots of the samples. As the proteins are oriented randomly within the ice, these images show the sample at various angles, and can be recombined into a high-resolution 3D reconstruction of the sample.

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One of the primary challenges with investigating dynamic biological processes is the inherent complexity of biological machinery. Traditional structural biology techniques have struggled with large and/or dynamic protein systems, requiring indirect observation or the study of fragments. Luckily, single particle analysis has emerged as a well-suited approach for the direct determination of native function and dynamics in complex biological systems.
Single particle analysis can validate your biochemistry work by showing the molecular details that underlie the interactions between proteins, small molecules, and post-translational modifications in large and dynamic protein systems at near-native conditions. These molecular details can reveal the mechanisms by which complex biological systems contribute to human health and disease. Single particle analysis is particularly suited for the study of membrane proteins, protein complexes, and macromolecular machines such as viruses, ribosomes, and proteasomes.
For example, the human GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A) receptor is a small membrane protein and ligand-gated chloride-ion channel that mediates inhibitory neurotransmission. GABAA receptors are important therapeutic targets as they impact a variety of important signaling pathways. Due to GABAA's conformational flexibility, traditional methods have been unable to reveal its molecular mechanism of action. Single particle analysis, however, has enabled researchers to see the molecular details of this important receptor, and how they underpin its allosteric modulation.
Our team is here to help you get started with cryo-EM, so that you too can integrate single particle analysis into your structural biology research. Follow the links below to see how we support you throughout the entire process, from initial advice and planning, to financing, to personal application-specialist support.