CD59 Proteins

Protein Information

CD59 (Protectin) is a small (18-20 kDa) GPI-anchored ubiquitously expressed inhibitor of the membrane attack complex (MAC). CD59 is the key regulator that preserves the autologous cells from terminal effector mechanism of the complement cascade. CD59 also associates with C5b-8 complex and counteracts appropriate formation of cytolytic pore within the plasma membrane. Further, CD59 is a low-affinity ligand of human CD2, causes T cell costimulation, and is involved in lymphocyte signal transduction. CD59 is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex, whereby it binds complement C8 and/or C9 during the assembly of this complex, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 into the complex, which is necessary for osmolytic pore formation. Mutations in this gene cause CD59 deficiency, a disease involving hemolytic anemia, thrombosis, and cerebral infarction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of CD59 have been identified.

Synonyms

16.3A5; 1F5; 1F5 antigen; 20 kDa homologous restriction factor; AA987121; Cb59b molecule; CD59; CD59 antigen; CD59 antigen p18-20 (antigen identified by monoclonal antibodies 16.3A5, EJ16, EJ30, EL32 and G344); CD59 glycoprotein; CD59 molecule; CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group); CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein; Cd59a; CD59a antigen; CD59A glycoprotein; Cd59b; CD59b antigen; CD59B glycoprotein; CD59b moleucle, complement regulatory protein; complement inhibitor CD59; complement regulatory protein; EJ16; EJ30; EL32; G344; HRF20; HRF-20; human leukocyte antigen MIC11; Ly-6-like protein; lymphocytic antigen CD59/MEM43; MACIF; MAC-inhibitory protein; MACIP; MAC-IP; MEM43; MEM43 antigen; membrane attack complex (MAC) inhibition factor; Membrane attack complex inhibition factor; membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis; MIC11; MIN1; MIN2; MIN3; MIRL; MSK21; p18-20; protectin; surface anitgen recognized by monoclonal antibody 16.3A5; T cell-activating protein